Carriers

Aloe Vera Oil

• Native to Africa, is also known as lily of the desert , the plant of immortality, and the medicine plant, is grown today in the West Indies and the American Southwest. The name was derived from the Arabic alloeh meaning bitter because of the bitter liquid found in the leaves. In 1500 B.C. Egyptians recorded use of the herbal plant in treating burns, infections and parasites. There are over 500 species of aloe growing in climates worldwide. Ancient Greeks, Arabs and Spaniards have used the plant throughout the millennia. Aloe is a member of the lily family, although in appearance it resembles a cactus. It has been used since ancient times, but only relatively recently has it enjoyed a rediscovery and a new popularity. Aloe vera oil is a moisturizer that is very effective in helping to heal skin irritation, promoting new skin growth and stalling the aging process. It has been used for centuries due to the beneficial effect it has on the skin. The finest most concentrated extract of aloe vera is obtained from the innermost filet of the aloe vera leaf.

• Uses - The juice, extract and oil is said to encourage skin rejuvenation, healing of wounds and treatment of sunburn. It is also used to help in relieving arthritis pain, improving blood circulation, reducing scarring, and has anti-inflammatory properties. It is a superb penetrating moisturizing agent, helping to stimulate the body's immune system while being naturally hypoallergenic with about the same pH balance as the skin. An aloe massage blend will have great healing qualities as well, which would make it a good choice to use on its own, or to include when mixing a massage lotion or preparing a carrier blend for aroma therapy massage.

• Cautions - There are no known side effects or cautions with aloe vera.

• Shelf-Life - 6 months to a 1 year. If kept properly in airtight container, Should be refrigerated after opening.

Alcohol solution - Professional alcohol solutions are the best dilutant for making custom perfume. Such solutions are typically available to manufacturers and can often be found at labs and other supply facilities that provide perfume related ingredients. The composition used in name brand perfumes is kept secret by the perfume industry.

Aloe Vera Gel

• Native to Africa, is also known as lily of the desert , the plant of immortality, and the medicine plant, is grown today in the West Indies and the American Southwest. The name was derived from the Arabic alloeh meaning bitter because of the bitter liquid found in the leaves. In 1500 B.C. Egyptians recorded use of the herbal plant in treating burns, infections and parasites. There are over 500 species of aloe growing in climates worldwide. Ancient Greeks, Arabs and Spaniards have used the plant throughout the millennia. Aloe is a member of the lily family, although in appearance it resembles cactus. It has been used since ancient times, but only relatively recently has it enjoyed a rediscovery and renewed popularity. As a moisturizer it is very effective in helping heal skin irritation, promoting new skin growth and stalling the aging process. It has been used for centuries due to the beneficial effect it has on the skin. The finest most

concentrated extract of aloe vera is obtained from the inner most filet of the leaf.

• Uses - It has been known for generations as an excellent plant to have around to help reduce inflammation, pain and itching, to encourage skin rejuvenation, treatment of sunburn, to accelerate wound healing, a superb penetrating moisturizing agent, helping to stimulate the body's immune system while being naturally hypoallergenic with about the same pH balance of the skin. as a massage oil has great healing qualities which makes it a good choice to use on its own, or to include when mixing a massage oil or preparing a carrier oil blend for aroma therapy massage. May also be used in soaps and lotions with the same benefits.

• Cautions - There are no known side effects or cautions. Considered safe in all normal applications.

• Shelf-Life - 3 months to a 6 months. If kept properly in airtight container, Should be refrigerated after opening.

Apricot Oil

• The center of diversity of the apricot is northeastern China near the Russian border (in the Great Wall area) not Armenia as the botanical name suggests. From there it spread west throughout central Asia. Cultivation in China dates back 3000 yrs, and then movement to Armenia, then the movement to Europe from there, was slow; the Romans Introduced apricots to Europe in 70-60 BC through Greece and Italy. Apricots probably moved to the US through English settlers on the East Coast, and Spanish Missionaries in California. Today, apricots are grown almost exclusively in California and Southern Europe. The tree is a small to medium sized tree with a spreading, dense canopy; generally kept to less than 3.5 m in cultivation. The finely textured carrier oil optained by the cold pressed method, is easily absorbed by the skin without leaving it feeling oily and is high in poly-unsaturated fatty acids, it has a faint pleasant nutty aroma.

• Uses - The seeds were Historically used to treat tumors as early as AD 502. It was used against tumors and ulcers in England in the 1600s. Arab doctors where known to recommend the oil extracted from apricot stones to cure hemorrhoids, aching noses and earache. They also used it to help to regulate, moisturize and restructure the skin.

Apricot kernel oil has moisturizing, nourishing and revitalizing properties and it is particularly helpful for dehydrated, delicate, mature and sensitive skin, and it helps to sooth inflammation. This finely textured oil spreads easily and is particularly rich in both oleic acid and linoleic acid.

• Cautions - Keep away from light and heat. This oil can be used in any cosmetic product as an active principle ingredient or as a carrier in the oily phase, without any proportion limit. Good oil for face and body .

• Shelf Life - 6 months to a 1 year. If kept properly in airtight container, Should be refrigerated after opening.

Arnica Oil

• A perennial herb, indigenous to Central Europe, in woods and mountain pastures, and is protected in parts of Europe. It has been found in England and Southern Scotland. Arnica is also commonly called leopard's bane. The arnica plant has a bright yellow, daisy-like flower that blooms around July. Preparations made from the flowering heads have been used in homeopathic medicine for hundreds of years. It is popular in Germany and over 100 drug preparations are made from the plant.

• Uses - Arnica extract penetrates into the skin, helps activate metabolism in underlying tissues and promotes burning of excessive fat deposits in the fat cells. The cleansing, nourishing, moisturizing and lubricating action of the oil helps improve overall skin conditions and appearance. It is traditionally used to help improve local skin metabolism and circulation, promote healing of bruises, and combat cellulite. It is typically rubbed on the skin to soothe and heal sprains, and relieve irritations from trauma, arthritis and muscle or cartilage pain. Applied as a salve, Arnica is also good for chapped lips, irritated nostrils and acne.

• Cautions - The internal use of Arnica is not suggested. It can cause vomiting, weakness, increased heart rate and nervous disturbances.

Avocado Oil

• Although it is usually classed as a vegetable oil, the avocado is really a fruit since it has a stone - but none-the-less it can yield a staggering 30% oil by weight, which is expressed from the fruit, and in its crude form is a great oil to use as a carrier when performing aroma therapy massage. It is rich and heavy, deeply penetrating and rich in vitamins A and D, lecithin, potassium as well as vitamin E. The crude oil is greenish yellow in color as it still contains some chlorophyll and is classified as a mono-unsaturated oil. The aroma is somewhat sweet, fatty and nutty in medium intensity.

• Uses - It is often used for clients with dry or mature skins, or people suffering from eczema or psoriasis and similar skin complaints, and it is very useful when treating sun or climate damaged skin that is dehydrated and under nourished as it is said to help with the regenerating of the skin and softening of the tissue. Although it can be used pure, it is, in most cases mixed with another carrier, such as Almond, or Grapeseed to make up at around 10% of the total carrier mixture. It is easily absorbed into the skin and deep tissue, and has wonderful emollient properties, Making it excellent for use in all massage blends, lotions and soaps and creams etc..

• Cautions - Can become cloudy as the temperature drops, this process is normal, and will usually return to its normal color when warmed up again. The refined version has a much longer shelf life than the unrefined version. If not carefully used or used in a too large a dilution with another carrier, it may overpower a blend, Considered safe in all normal applications

• Shelf-Life - refined 12 months to 18 months. If kept properly in airtight container, Should be refrigerated after opening. Crude - 6 months to 9 months

Beeswax

Beeswax is a byproduct of honey production. It makes wonderful lip balms, hand lotions, hand creams, moisturizers, in cosmetics, wood finishes, waxes, leather polishes; waterproofing products, and dental molds.

It is impervious to water and unaffected by mildew. It has a melting point of 143 to 148 degrees F. and should only be heated using a double boiler as it is flammable when subjected to fire and flames. It is pliable at 100 degrees F.

Beeswax is produced by the (female) worker honeybees. The wax is secreted from wax glands on the underside of the bee's abdomen and is molded into six-sided cells which are filled with honey, then capped with more wax. When honey is harvested, the top layer of wax that covers the cells, the cappings, must be removed from each hexagon-shaped cell.

Bees use their wax to "glue" together the wooden frames in their hive, and that must be scraped off so the frames can be separated. The beeswax, which contains some honey, bee parts, and other impurities, must be melted and filtered or strained.

Most beeswax is gold or yellow but can also be in shades of orange, brown, etc. The color of the wax is in most part determined by the type of plants the bees collect nectar from. Beeswax has a delightful, light fragrance of honey, flower nectar and pollen.

Beeswax makes superior, slow burning candles. Beeswax burns more beautifully than any other wax. It exudes a faint, natural fragrance of honey and pollen. When candles are made with the proper size of wicking, they are smokeless, drip-less, and burn with a bright flame.

Black Currant Oil

• Also known as European Blackcurrant, Grosellero Negro, and Quinsy Berries it is a deciduous Eurasian shrub grown in Chile, Europe, Turkey, Australia and the USA. Traditionally, the leaves were used as a diuretic and as a gargle for a sore throat and the berries were made into a drink for colds and flu. Black Currant Seed Oil has a moderate immune-enhancing effect attributable to its ability to reduce prostaglandin E2 production. It is believed that black current increases the secretion of cortisol by the adrenal glands, and thus stimulates the activity of the sympathetic nervous system. This action may prove useful in the treatment of stress-related conditions. It helps maintain low levels of inflammation in people with arthritis, supports normal nerve function and transmission in people with diabetes and may act to maintain proper blood pressure and assist blood vessel dilation. The cold processed extraction from the seed is used to obtain the oil.

• Uses - Blackcurrant seed oil is one of the richest sources of gamma linolenic acid, and is high in content of prostaglandins which protect the body and is useful in cases such as high blood pressure, water retention, and lowered immune function, inflammatory states, dry skin and related problems. The oil from the seed is added to skin preparations and cosmetics. It is often combined with vitamin E to prevent oxidation. It helps to increase blood flow, decrease blood clotting, and reduce inflammation. However, these claims have not been proven and the long-term safety of consuming large quantities of these oils has not been established. It is often used to assist treatment for inflammatory states, dry skin and related problems, "hangovers", immune system support, fat metabolism, PMS, and menopause. Many women find this oil reduces breast tenderness associated with PMS.

• Cautions - There are no reports of toxic effects. There is no indication that external use is beneficial for hormone problems. Excess consumption can result in oily skin, an indication to decrease dosage. May increase absorption of aluminum. May lower seizure threshold.

• Shelf-Life - 6 months to a 1 year. If kept properly in airtight container, Should be refrigerated after opening.

Borage Seed Oil

• A fairly common domestic herbal remedy that has been used since ancient times in Europe and England. It has a particularly good reputation for its beneficial affects on the mind, being used to dispel melancholy and induce euphoria. It is a soothing saline, diuretic herb that soothes damaged or irritated tissues. Borage oil (also known as starflower oil) is an ancient oil which has been used in the far east for thousands of years. Borage oil has in recent years caused a revolution in nutritional therapeutics. It has been found to be one of the richest sources of essential fatty acids known to humans. The aroma is light and sweet. Mostly grown or wild-crafted in Southern England or Europe

• Uses - It has also been used to treat pre-menstrual complaints, irritable bowel syndrome, rheumatic problems, eczema and other chronic skin conditions. It can be used as a general tonic for the adrenals which are susceptible following periods of stress or depression. Thin to medium texture, leaves a somewhat oily feel to the skin. Is said to be excellent in treating many skin conditions. Borage is usually blended in a small (often 10% or less) dilution with other

carrier oils. As it goes rancid rather quickly keep refridgerated and buy only what you need for immediate use. Excellent for all skin types. A good skin and tissue rejuvenator.

• Cautions - Its use during pregnancy and lactation is not recommended. Otherwise considered safe in normal applications, It does go rancid rather quickly.

• Shelf-Life - 3 months to 6 months. If kept properly in airtight container, Should be refrigerated after opening.

Calendula Oil

• An infused oil containing the active ingredients of the marigold flower and is sometimes referred to as Marigold oil. It is has been traditionally used for skin care in the Mediterranean regions to help preserve skin freshness, protect skin from overdrying, and to help reduce sun-induced wrinkles and sun caused aging during summer time. The anti-aging properties of Calendula oil, known to ancient Egyptians, may be related to the high content and diversity of carotenes, phytosterols, polyphenols and EFAs.

• Uses - Calendula oil is good for all skin types, and is considered valuable for treating skin damage such as wounds, scars, burns, inflammation and other injuries as it is said to be an effective aid in tissue regeneration. It has anti- inflammatory, anti-spasmodic qualities and particularily blends well with Hypericum (St. John's Wort). It is best when infused in a light textured oil such as almond or sunflower. Calendula is a tonic, soothing, restorative oil, good for any type of skin, but especially suitable for dry and/or aging skin. When used regularly this product will impart a deep olive shine to the skin, and helps protect the skin from age related thinning and drying out. It is magical in its ability to prevent tearing, soothe pain, stop bleeding, promote rapid healing, and prevent scarring. Calendula lotion will not cause the irritation common to conventional antiseptics. Do not however, use the tincture undiluted on an open wound as the alcohol base will burn the raw tissue. Used externally, Calendula is one of the best herbs for treating burns, scalds,

cuts, abrasions, and infections because of its antiseptic qualities, improving blood flow to the affected area.

• Cautions - No Known toxicity, considered safe in normal applications. There are no known drug interactions with Calendula, although occasional interactions may occur in cases of allergic reaction.

• Shelf-Life - The shelf life of Calendula oil depends on the base oil used in diffusion, 6 months to a 1 year. If kept properly in airtight container, Should be refrigerated after opening.

Camellia Oil

• The tree originates from subtropical regions in China and Japan and the neighboring countries. It loves warm wet summers and moderately cold dry winters, but will also prosper in a wide range of adverse climatic conditions. It has high antioxidant properties also make it ideal for cooking. Ashes of the camellia wood were used as a catalyst for purple and safflower dyes. Camellia oil is expressed from the seed.

• Uses - Camellia oil can be applied on the face, on the neck and on the hands. The oil is also used in ancient Chinese and Japanese medicine where it is used as an excipient. It has excellent skin and hair conditioning properties and presents skin restructuring and moisturizing virtues. Given these properties, it is a good active ingredient in: body moisturizing after-sun milks, emollient gels for around the eyes, softening hand creams, nail strengtheners, restructuring creams for damaged skin, moisturizing creams for dry skin, nourishing shampoos and lotions for dry, damaged and delicate hair and after-sun products for thin and normal hair and most all products for normal and mature skin. Has been used by the ladies of China and Japan for many centuries is a skin tonic to prevent premature age related wrinkles and as a hair tonic. But the western world has yet to really catch on to this great natural product.

• Cautions - Can be used in any cosmetic product as an active principle or as a carrier, without any proportion limit. Keep away from light and heat.

• Shelf-Life - 6 months to a 1 year. If kept properly in airtight container, Should be refrigerated after opening.

Canola Oil

• A genetically engineered plant derived from the mustard family and is considered a toxic and poisonous weed, which when processed, becomes rancid very quickly. Canola is an oilseed crop which is grown primarily in regions of Western Canada. Each canola plant produces yellow flowers which, in turn, produce pods, similar in shape to pea pods but about 1/5th the size. Within the pods are tiny round seeds that are crushed and expressed to obtain the oil. Each seed contains approximately 40 percent oil. They named it canola: can- for "Canadian" plus -ola, for "oil."

• Uses - The oil is a good moisturizer, and can be used in place of more expensive products like olive. It is a nutritious, and penetrating for all skin types. This medium light oil contains essential fatty acids, vitamins, specifically vitamin E and minerals. It is easily absorbed into the skin and is used frequently in massage blends.

• Cautions - Considered safe in normal applications. It can leave a residual odor on clothing.

• Shelf-Life - 3 months to a 6 months. If kept properly in airtight container, Should be refrigerated after opening.

Carrot Oil

• Good for skin tone, it is rejuvenating and nourishing. Good for prematurely aging skin and dry, itchy skin. This oil is rich in beta carotene as well as minerals and vitamins, especially vitamin A. It is a bright orange color.

• Cautions - Considered to be safe in normal applications.

Castor Oil

• The plant is a native of India and the fixed oil is obtained by expression from the seeds. It has been used therapeutically and medicinally in ancient India, China, Persia, Egypt, Africa, Greece, Rome, and in 17th century Europe. This oil is also known as Palma Christi or the "Palm of Christ". The tree is very variable in habit and appearance, the known varieties being very numerous, and having mostly been described as species. In the tropical latitudes which is most favorable to its growth, it becomes a tree some 30 to 40 feet in height; in the Azores and in the warmer

Mediterranean countries - Algeria, Egypt, Greece and the Riviera - it is of more slender growth, attaining an average height of only 10 to 15 feet, and farther north in France, and in this country, where it is cultivated mostly as an ornamental plant, on account of its large and beautiful foliage, it is merely a shrubby branched annual herb, rarely more than 4 to 5 feet high.

• Uses - It is used mainly used for hair conditioners treating conditions such as dry or brittle, damaged hair or hair loss. This is a very thick oil with a slight but prominent odor and slightly sticky texture. It is also often used as an emollient and skin softener, and medicinally as a treatment of gastrointestinal problems, lacerations and other skin disorders such as psoriasis. It is also found in many commercial skin care products. When it is used in the manufacture of soap it forms a clean, light-colored soap with a stable lather, which dries and hardens well, it is free from smell, and has been recommended for medicinal use.

• Cautions - Use in addition to other carriers at around 10% or the total oil. Considered safe in normal applications

• Shelf-Life - 1 year to 2 years. If kept properly in airtight container, Should be refrigerated after opening.

Comfrey Oil-

• A native of Europe and temperate Asia; is common throughout England on the banks of rivers and ditches, and in watery places generally. It has traditionally been known as “knit bone”, as it is a cellular re-generator with anti-scarring properties. Comfrey is an odor free oil, obtained by infused extraction from the root of the plant.

• Uses - Comfrey is great for sunburns, wounds, and sore muscles. It is an excellent cell and bone healer, and has long been employed domestically in lung troubles and also for quinsy and whooping-cough. This oil is of much value as an external remedy, both in the form of formentations, for sprains, swellings and bruises, and as a poultice, to severe cuts, to promote healing of boils, abscesses, and gangrenous and ill-conditioned ulcers. Comfrey is also known to be effective for eczema and dry skin.

• Cautions - Comfrey contains toxic substances and, when taken internally, could lead to serious liver damage, according to the FTC.

• Shelf-Life - 1 year to 2 years. If kept properly in airtight container, Should be refrigerated after opening.

Corn Oil

• Cold pressed in the USA from the inner kernel of maize. It has a faint aroma and is a little lighter texture than Olive Oil. It contains a good amount of vitamin E and essential fatty acids, proteins, vitamins, and minerals.

• Uses - Corn oil is commonly used for cooking, but cold pressed, it can be used as a carrier oil for all skin types. It is suitable for the 100% base oil. This carrier is acceptable when no other carriers are available, but is often not considered an ideal oil for aromatherapy.

• Cautions - Corn oil contains large amounts of vitamin E, which makes it a very stable oil.

• Shelf-Life - 12 months to a 24 months. If kept properly in airtight container, Should be refrigerated after opening.

Cottonseed Oil

• Originates from the tropical areas of Africa, Asia, America and Australia and performs best in or near the tropics. Until the middle of the 19th century when cottonseed oil production began, so much was left over from cotton production, that it was considered a health problem. For every ton of lint in seed cotton there are approximately 1.7 tons of cottonseed. One ton of seed yields about 200 kg of oil. It is ranked the sixth largest production of edible oil in the world. It contains high levels of antioxidants (Vitamin E) that contribute to its long shelf life. It is is solvent extracted from the seed.

• Uses - Cotton seed is useful as hair treatment oil and facial skin oil blends for mature, tired and dull skin. It makes a very good after sun oil. The ancient Chinese used the oil as a medicine and a lamp oil. It can be used as a high energy, high protein nutrient supplement. Cotton seed was one of world's first vegetable oils producing a wide range of industrial products such as soaps, emulsifiers, insecticides, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, rubber and plastics. When used in soaps it produces thick and lasting lather, in addition to having good emollient properties.

• Cautions - For external use only, Considered safe in normal applications.

• Shelf-Life - 12 months to a 24 months. If kept properly in airtight container, Should be refrigerated after opening.

DPG (Dipropylene Glycol) - DPG is another common cutting oil that is also used to make incense oil. DPG is a little thicker than other dilutants. It is also commonly added to uncut oils to make them into body oils which are safe for the skin.

Emu Oil

• The emu oil is rendered from a thick layer of fat on the back of the emu bird, yielding 5 - 7 liters of unsaturated, non- toxic, highly penetrating oil. It is generally between creamy pale yellow or creamy white depending on if it has been rectified or not. It contains a high level of linolenic acid, known to temporarily ease joint pain. It also contains oleic acid, which produces an anti- inflammatory effect. It has virtually no aroma and does not clog pores.

• Uses - Emu oil aids in the relief of burns, skin ailments, sore joints, muscle aches etc. It is also good for psoriasis, eczema, scarring, swelling, latex dermatitis, rhinitis, keloids, contact dermatitis, hemorrhoids, rheumatism, arthritis, bursitis, callused feet, sprains, chapped skin, sunburn, and many other skin ailments. It is a natural emollient that is suitable for both skin care and cosmetics. Its unique penetrating properties make it an excellent carrier vehicle for other ingredients to help dermal penetration. Massage therapists and chiropractors use it as it helps the muscles and joints stay relaxed longer after treatment. It also helps milden bar soaps to make them less drying.

• Cautions - This product lacks long chain fatty acids which makes it conducive to a long shelf life of several months if stored in a cool dark place. It has a low irritating potential as it is a benign natural substance that soothes rather than irritates.

• Shelf-Life - 6 months to a 1 year. If kept properly in airtight container, Should be refrigerated after opening.

Epsom Salts

Although there is a great deal of historical and anecdotal information on the medical uses of Epsom salt, little human research has been published. It is known that soaking in Epsom salt leads to absorption of magnesium and sulfate into the bloodstream. Topical use of Epsom salt, or soaking with Epsom salt also acts as a drying agent for the skin which can be used to benefit certain skin and nail conditions. The following are some potential clinical conditions where Epsom salt use could be helpful:

Nail fungus. Modern medicine does not have a good, safe and effective treatment for toe nail fungus infections. However, the use of Epsom salt can be quite helpful in this condition and may offer a cure if done appropriately. For detailed instructions on how to treat your toe nail fungus with Epsom salt, Athlete's Foot. Soaking in Epsom salt could help eliminate fungi that cause athlete's foot.

Relaxation and stress relief. Soaking in Epsom salt does help muscle tissue relax and release stress.

Post exercise relief of muscle aches. Soaking in a bath of Epsom salt helps relieve muscle aches after a heavy workout.

Epsom salt bathing increase blood levels of magnesium and sulfate

At least one study has shown that whole body soaking in Epsom salt for seven days in a row does increase blood levels of magnesium and sulfate, although the rise is not excessive. Most people are not likely to soak in Epsom salt every day.

Epsom salts to mother reduces risk in the baby from cerebral palsy,

Dr. John Thorp, a professor of obstetrics at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, found that magnesium sulfate, popularly known as Epsom salts, when given to the mother, cut the rate of cerebral palsy in half. He and his team gave either magnesium sulfate or a placebo to 224 women going into early labor or with ruptured membranes. The womens' pregnancies were at between 24 to 31 weeks -- a full-term pregnancy goes 40 weeks. The magnesium did not prevent any deaths among the premature babies. But 4 percent of the babies born to women given magnesium developed cerebral palsy, versus 7 percent of those born to women who got the placebo. Magnesium may stabilize the blood vessels, prevent the damage caused by having oxygen cut off and also help prevent immune system damage to the brain. The March of Dimes estimates that about 500,000 people have cerebral palsy in the United States.

Evening Primrose Oil

• This plant was used by the North American Indian medicine men since time immemorial to make an infusion for healing wounds. Evening primrose oil is exceptionally high in fatty acids, and especially in gamma linolenic acid (GLA) which nutrition wise is important to the body, as it affects many of the enzyme functions in the body. But for our purposes, where evening primrose oil is used as a carrier medium for essential oils, it is important to note that it is an exceptionally fine textured oil and has superb moisturizing properties and used externally it is indicated as effective in helping with eczema, psoriasis, pre-menstrual syndrome (PMS) rheumatoid arthritis as well as weight reduction. The aroma is light and sweet.

• Uses - Evening primrose oil can be used for facial massage, but since it is rather a sticky oil it should be mixed with another oil, such as Grapeseed oil. It is further purported to reduce hyperactivity in babies and young children when rubbed onto their skin.

• Cautions - The shelf life of Evening Primrose oil is not very long, it goes rancid quickly. To help it keep longer,

blend in a small (often 10%) dilution with other carrier oils. Keep away from light and heat.

Flax Seed Oil

• A herbaceous annual plant, cultivated and sub-spontaneous nearly all over France and can be found in most parts of the world. Though its spontaneous origin is still unknown, flax is a very old plant. It is referred to in every ancient civilization, in Chaldea, Egypt, Palestine, and Greece. Flaxseed oil, also known as Linseed oil, is cold pressed in the USA. It has a rich, yellow color and smells a bit like butter. This oil is considered by many to be the answer to many of their health dilemmas.

• Uses - This product, is rich in essential fatty acids which directly takes part in the regulation of skin permeability, presents worthwhile restructuring and moisturizing skin properties for cosmetics. It can be used in massage lotions, or mixed with other vegetable bases, as a carrier for essential oils, or as a compound of the fatty phase of emulsions. It can particularly be an ingredient in massage lotions, hand creams, body milks, and night products, and as it is high in vitamin E and stimulates cellular regeneration, it is useful for preventing scarring and stretch marks.

• Cautions - Goes rancid rather quickly. Can be used in any cosmetic product as an active principle or as a carrier, without any proportion limit. Keep away from light and heat. Considered safe in normal applications.

• Shelf-Life - 3 months to a 6 months. If kept properly in airtight container, Should be refrigerated after opening.

Grain alcohol (Ethyl alcohol)

- Grain alcohol is a popular choice of dilutant for people moderately experienced in making homemade perfumes. Vodka is considered grain alcohol and some people use it for perfumes, as long as it does not have its own scent. Liquor stores sometimes have grain alcohol available.

Grapeseed Oil

• It is rich in linoleic acid, an essential fatty acid quite important for the skin and the cell membranes. It is purported to have regenerative and restructuring virtues and has great skin moisturizing properties. Grape seed oil is a great non- greasy oil to use, but could be enriched by blending it with another carrier, such as almond or wheatgerm. This is a fine textured, oil with a very light, slightly sweet hint of a nutty aroma, and with a satiny finish. It contains vitamins, minerals, and protein, GLA, and a small amount of vitamin E.

• Uses - Grapeseed is one of the most common oils used for massage. It is good for those folks whose skin does not seem to absorb easily. When it is used in skin care products it is usually blended with other more nutrient rich carriers. It is ideal for use in products for thin, greasy, damaged and delicate hair, body hygiene creams, lip balms, hand creams, and regenerative products for mature, damaged and stressed skin, notably for use around the eyes and neck.

• Cautions - Store in a cool, dark area. This product can be used in any cosmetic product as an active principle ingredient or as a one of the carriers in the fatty phase, without any proportion limit. Considered to be safe for normal applications

• Shelf Life - 6 months to 1 year. If kept properly in airtight container, Should be refrigerated after opening.

Hazelnut Oil

• Contains useful amounts of essential fatty acids including linoleic acid. It has a faintly nutty aroma, is highly

penetrative and is fine textured. It is one of the most highly unsaturated vegetable oils. It has great moisturizing qualities which makes it a good choice to include when mixing a massage oil or preparing a carrier blend.

• Uses - It is heralded as an oil that helps to tone and tighten the skin while strengthening capillaries and assisting in cell regeneration, and in folk medicine has been used to massage children with respiratory problems. Hazelnut oil has good astringent qualities (and it is said to help maintain the skin's firmness and elasticity), which makes it a superb carrier to use on oily and combination skins. Good for facial blends for oily or combination skin.

• Cautions - Considered safe for use in normal applications. It contains vitamins, minerals, proteins, and essential fatty acids

• Shelf-Life - 6 months to a 1 year. If kept properly in airtight container, Should be refrigerated after opening.

Hemp Seed Oil

• It is not, as so many people assume, the same plant as marijuana. It is a non- narcotic variety that is amazingly versatile, nutritional and environmentally sound. Medicinal uses for hemp plant seed extend as far back as the Ming Dynasty. It contains more naturally occurring essential fatty acids than any other plant-derived oil and a perfect 3:1 Omega-6: Omega-3 EFA ratio. The oil also contains the natural anti-oxidant vitamin E and sterols which blocks cholesterol absorption.

• Uses - Hemp penetrates the skin to remoisturize, revive and repair cells damaged by the elements; sun, wind & ultraviolet light. It may be used as a massage or moisturizing oil by applying it to the skin as desired. It may also be added to shampoo or conditioner to rejuvenate the scalp. If you choose you may add your favorite essential oil for fragrance. This carrier is very high in unsaturated fatty acids, which makes it a great moisturizer for dry and devitalized skin, especially since it absorbs into the skin very quickly. It is also a cell regenerator and helps soothe muscles. Use as the base or 10% of the blend.

• Cautions - Using this product in cosmetics will not trigger a failed drug test.

IPM (Isopropyl myristate) –

Chemically classified as an esther, IPM is a colorless and odorless cutting oil used to soften the strength of perfume oils. It is also used as an emollient in some bath products. Concentrations of up to 15% are often unnoticeable even by expert "smellers", although the solubility tests can detect IPM.

Jojoba Oil

• In reality jojoba oil is not an oil but a liquid wax, and is pronounced "ho-ho-ba", and only became important in the 1970s when whaling was banned, since jojoba oil which is derived from the jojoba bean, has almost the same properties as the oil obtained from the sperm whale. Since it is composed of wax esters, it is an extremely stable substance and does not easily deteriorate. The structure of jojoba oil closely resembles that of your own skin sebum, is an excellent moisturizer and is ideal for all skin types. It contains myristic acid which also has anti-inflammatory actions. It can in most cases be used on acne skin without any problems as it helps to control acne. It is easy to understand why this is an all-time favorite to use as a carrier, as well as added to skincare preparations, since it penetrates the skin easily and is suitable for all skin types. The aroma is light to medium, not as sweet as the nut oils.

• Uses - When used as a massage medium, it acts as an emulsifier with the skin’s natural sebum and gently

unclogs the pores and lifts grime and in-bedded impurities. It can be used pure in massage, or can be mixed with other carriers, for use on the face, body, or hair. Great for mature, aging skin and wrinkles although good for all skin types.

• Cautions - It is frequently blended in a small dilution (10%) with other carriers.

• Shelf Life - It has a very long shelf-life.

Olive Oil Pomace

• Fully ripe, hand picked olives make the best oil, which is produced by crushing the pulp of the fruit and not the seed, and different qualities are available and range from extra virgin, virgin and pure. Pomace is the ground flesh and pits after pressing. Any oil that hasn’t been removed by pressure can then be extracted using steam and solvents. Olive oil is not particularly recommended in aromatherapy, as the oil is a bit too heavy and the aroma too overpowering.

• Uses - Olive oil pomace is considered an inferior grade and is used for soap making or industrial purposes. This oil creates a long lasting, non-drying mild soap with creamy lather, and no other soapmaking oil contributes its unique set of characteristics. It retains moisture to the skin by forming a breathable layer, and like jojoba oil, shea butter and kukui nut oil it does not block the skin’s natural functions while performing it's own. Olive oil is a good oil for skin care, especially mature, inflamed, or dry skin, as it provides disinfectant, anti-wrinkle, and wound healing properties. It makes an excellent conditioner for hair and nails, and is used as a remedy for arthritis. It is good for making salves, cosmetics, and has good medicinal properties. Some people may find certain grades unpleasantly strong smelling.

• Cautions - It is a very stable oil and does not go rancid easily and can be stored without refrigeration for a year. It may overpower a blend. This is a heavier oil so dilute it 10% in other carrier oils.

Refined Olive Oil

• Fully ripe, hand picked olives make the best oil, which is produced by crushing the pulp of the fruit and not the seed. The oil is made from the pulp and not the kernel and different qualities are available and range from extra virgin, virgin and pure. All virgin olive oils are unrefined. If olives are damaged or bruised, they and the oil pressed from them is of a lesser quality that must be de-gummed, refined, bleached and deodorized resulting in olive oils that are equivalent to other mass market oils in quality. These oils, like other mass market oils, have been changed from anti-mutagenic to mutagenic by overheating, and their minor ingredients have been removed.

• Uses - Olive oil is a good oil for skin care, especially mature, inflamed, or dry skin, as it provides disinfectant, anti-wrinkle, and wound healing properties. It makes an excellent conditioner for hair and nails, and is used as a remedy for arthritis. It is good for making salves, cosmetics, and has good medicinal properties. This oil creates a long lasting, non-drying mild soap with creamy lather, and no other soapmaking oil contributes its unique set of characteristics. It retains moisture to the skin by forming a breathable layer, and like jojoba oil, shea butter and kukui nut oil it does not block the skin’s natural functions while performing is own. Some people may find certain grades unpleasantly strong smelling.

• Cautions - It is a very stable oil and does not go rancid easily and can be stored without refrigeration for a year. Olive oil is not recommended in aromatherapy as the oil is heavy and the aroma overpowering; it is good to blend at 10% with other carrier oils.

Palm Oil

• The oil is produced from the pulp or flesh of the fruit of the palm and is obtained by solvent extraction. Palm oil is to tropical African cooking what olive oil is to Mediterranean cooking and butter is to northern European cooking. It makes a nice hard bar when used in combination with other oils such as coconut and olive oil. The difference between palm kernel and palm oils is that Palm kernel is white and has a high melt point. Palm oil is yellow and has a low melt point, about room temperature. The higher the melt point, the harder the oil, and the harder your soap comes out, hence the slower it will melt in the shower.

• Uses - This solid oil is generally used in making soaps, lotions and creams. Palm is considered the tallow of vegetable soaps, it lends hardness and smooth creamy bubbles to soap. Palm oil is also used in the manufacture of soaps, detergents and other surfactants. Oleochemicals manufactured from palm oil and palm kernel oil are now popular for the manufacture of environmentally friendly detergents as they are readily biodegradable. It's hard to find a soap recipe that doesn't include palm oil. The usage rate is typically around 30% and sometimes is even 40% or more in some popular recipes. Palm oil imparts a creamy light golden or off-white color and gives a very nice texture to your soaps.

• Cautions - Generally non-toxic, non- sensitizing and has an excellent shelf life.

Palm Kernel

• Also known as palm nut, is expeller pressed from the kernels of the palm tree fruit. It is very similar to coconut oil in that it has a high percentage of lauric acid which allows it to produce a hard soap with good lather. The difference between palm kernel and palm oils is that Palm kernel is white and has a high melt point. Palm oil is yellow and has a low melt point, about room temperature. The higher the melt point, the harder the oil, and the harder your soap comes out, hence the slower it will melt in the shower. Oleochemicals manufactured from palm oil and palm kernel oil are now popular for the manufacture of environmentally friendly detergents as they are readily biodegradable.

• Uses - Soaps made from this oil are white in color, very hard, and will have exceptional lather. If used in excess palm kernel oil can be drying to the skin so keep your percentages between 10 and 30% and enjoy this oils moisturizing properties. It can be substituted for coconut oil in soap. Like coconut oil it is very stable, resists oxidation and has an excellent shelf life. It lends soap a smooth texture that regular palm does not. This oil creates a hard bar and also creates big lather. Many soap makers find this to be a great replacement for coconut oil, which some people find to be drying. Palm Kernal oil is less drying than coconut oil. It's also extremely white, making it a good oil to choose for use in soaps destined to be colored.

• Cautions - This oil has an excellent shelf life.

Passion Fruit Seed Oil- must order

• A perennial vine, that can grow up to 30 feet long, can be found in the south eastern portion of the United States. Passion Fruit, also called Maracuja, was first discovered in Peru. There are over 200 species of Passion Fruit with the most common found in the Amazon Region. Passion Fruit Oil has traditionally been used in herbal medicine to aid relaxation. Passion fruit is a central nervous system depressant that does not leave people with a groggy, drugged feeling in the morning.

• Uses - Passion Fruit relieves muscle tension and other manifestations of extreme anxiety and is used to calm the nerves, tension headaches, muscle aches and spasms, and helps lower blood pressure. The herb is especially good for nervous insomnia.

• Cautions - Do not take during pregnancy.

Peanut Oil

• A clear oil expressed from peanuts and extremely light in aroma with a slight fatty, nutty quality, produced mainly in the US. It has a high content of vitamin E, and is regarded as a non-drying, conditioning oil, similar to olive and castor oils.

• Uses - This oil is thick and leaves a very oily film on the skin, because of this it is said to be a good choice for inclusion in massage blends. It is good for all skin types, and is an emollient for arthritis or sunburn. Peanut oil is highly unsaturated, and creates a soft conditioning bar soap with a long lasting lather. It also strengthens weak and brittle nails. Peanut oil is said to increase the blood circulation after treatment, the skin will feel warm and have a reddish glow. Peanut oil has been used medicinally for preventing headaches.

• Cautions - Peanut oil should not be used by anyone that has an allergy to peanuts. The shelf life is 6 months-1 year.

Pecan Oil

• It is extremely light with a hint of a fatty, nutty aroma. This oil can leave a slightly oily film on the skin. Pecans

contain oil that compares very favorably with oil from other oil seed crops. Pecan kernels contain 65 to 70 percent oil. Approximately 73 percent of fresh pecan oil consists of monounsaturated (oleic) and 17 percent polyunsaturated (linoleic) fatty acids. Oleic is the same fatty acid found in olives. This oil has been demonstrated to be effective in reducing the risk of coronary heart disease.

• Cautions - Non-toxic, Non-irritant, do not use if allergic to nuts. It is said that it goes rancid somewhat quickly.

Pistachio Nut Oil-

• This oil is expressed from the nuts of the pistachio tree, and is generally quite expensive and only used in combination with other carrier oils. It is an excellent emollient which provides a high level of moisturization to the skin. It is rapidly absorbed into the skin and does not leave a greasy feel. This is an oil that is substantive and protective to the harshest of external conditions. Pistachio oil compares favorably with peanut oil.

• Uses - Pistachio oil will soften and nourish the skin and is a great moisturizer for lip balms, creams, lotions, lotion bars, massage lotions and oils. This is a good choice for a perfume base as it is less greasy than many carrier oils. Pistachio Oil has very good moisturizing qualities for a "light oil". It blends easily with other carrier oils. Used alone, it is a favorite for massages.

• Cautions - The shelf life of Pistachio nut oil is 3-6 months.

Pumpkin Seed Oil

• The Pumpkin is native to Central America, especially Mexico, and after the Spaniards had discovered America the pumpkin was exported to Europe and Asia. While the pumpkin has been cultivated in Europe for centuries, it is only within the last two hundred years that residents of the providence of Styria have been making pumpkin seed oil. A few centuries ago, farmers noticed a change in the pumpkin seeds. A mutation caused the mature seeds to grow with soft rather than thick, hard shells. The seeds were deemed excellent for eating because of their rich flavor and soft shells. Soon, farmers began bringing their seeds to the local grain mills, grinding and then pressing them to extract the oil, and pumpkin seed oil became a special tradition born out of Austrian ingenuity.

• Uses - Pumpkin seed massage oil has great healing qualities for skin problems such as sores and ulcers. This makes it a good choice to include when mixing a massage oil or preparing a carrier oil blend. Although Pumpkin seed oil can be classified as a "specialty" carrier oil, some aroma therapists like to use it since it is high in protein, zinc as well as polyunsaturated fats.

• Cautions - Can find no particular concerns.

Ricebran Oil- must order

• Rich in vitamin E, expressed from the husk of rice. It is very similar to wheat germ oil but not as "heavy," because it has a smaller molecule that is able to more easily penetrate the skin. Rice Bran Oil is an excellent source of the essential fatty acids and antioxidant nutrients that promote overall good health and stimulates the body and spirit.

• Uses - Rice bran oil flows on smoothly and is moderately penetrating without being greasy or sticky. It is good for massage or lotions and is one of the most gentle oils which makes it perfect for eye creams, baby products and light facial and body moisturizers for all skin types. Rice bran oil is a perfect moisturizing base for under cosmetics. This oil is wonderfully used in liquid soaps and liquid cosmetics. It is well used in creams to soften and moisturize hands.

• Cautions - Rice bran has a shelf life of 3-6 months.

Rosehip Oil

• A fairly new oil to be used as a carrier oil, it is produced in Chile, and has gained great popularity because it has some great rejuvenating properties. Usually, the oil is extracted by a solvent from the wild rose bush seeds growing in the southern Andes. It has very high levels of linoleic and linolenic fatty acids. The aroma is mild and perhaps earthy. It has been identified that the presence of Trans-Retinoic acid is the component responsible for the remarkable pharmacological properties of Rose Hip oil. Trans- Retinoic acid is a derivative of Retinol (Vitamin A) and is marked as Tretinoin.

• Uses - It is high in GLA, and has recently been used to help reduce the signs of ageing, especially the fine lines around the eyes and lines around the mouth, the drying effects of the sun and climate, as well as assisting with attenuating both accidental and surgical scars, healing burns, and stretch marks.

• Cautions - It is usually blended in a small (often 10%) dilution with other carrier oils. It goes rancid rather quickly. It has been reported to aggravate acne. Best stored in a cool place.

Rubbing alcohol (Isopropyl Alcohol)

Many beginner perfume makers try to use rubbing alcohol to make perfumes. The rubbing alcohol in drug stores contains over 90% alcohol in most cases, which will overpower the scent of most perfume oils. Although it is possible to create perfume with rubbing alcohol, this dilutant is not the best choice.

Safflower Oil

• It is a family of the sunflower. It is believed to have originated in southern Asia and is known to have been cultivated in China, India, Persia and Egypt almost from prehistoric times. During Middle Ages it was cultivated in Italy, France, and Spain, and soon after discovery of America, the Spanish took it to Mexico and then to Venezuela and Colombia. It was introduced into the United States in 1925 from the Mediterranean region and is now grown in all parts west of the 100th meridian. The oil is expeller pressed from the seeds. Safflower oil would be a suitable base to work from, but it is recommended to mix other carrier oils with it.

• Uses -This oil oxidizes very easily but can be used in massage blends. It may be beneficial for painful inflamed joints, and applied to bruises, sprains, and painful arthritis. Safflower massage oil has great moisturizing qualities which make it a good choice to include when mixing a massage oil or preparing a carrier oil blend.

• Cautions - The shelf life is less than 3 months. It should be mixed with another carrier oil with good antioxidant qualities to increase the shelf life since it goes rancid quickly.

Sesame Oil

• This oil is sometimes found to be strong smelling by some, yet is a good source of vitamins E and B complex and minerals such as calcium, magnesium and phosphorus. Sesame oil further contains protein as well as lecithin. In folk medicine it has also been used to help fade blemishes. The Sesame herb is grown for its seeds and was used by the Chinese 5000 years ago. The Egyptians produced flour from its ground seeds, and Roman soldiers mixed the seeds with honey for an energy snack. It may be expressed or extracted and is also known as Gingelly or Teel Oil. If the oil is extracted from raw seeds, it is a rather light color compared to that extracted from roasted seeds. Sesame Seed Oil is a natural skin moisturizer.

• Uses - Although it is a thick oil it is used for eczema, psoriasis and mature skin and it contains excellent

moisturizing properties. It is best mixed with another carrier oil, such as almond or grape seed to make it a bit lighter. Sesame massage oil has great moisturizing, soothing and emollient qualities which makes it a good choice to include when mixing a massage oil or preparing a carrier oil blend. It is beneficial for dry skin. Does not stain sheets.

• Cautions - Sesame oil may overpower a blend if not diluted with another carrier oil.

Shea Butter

Shea Butter is only found in the tropics of Africa. It is extracted from the nuts of the Shea-Karite tree which begins to bear fruit after about 15 years; and can take up to 30 years to bear a quality crop of nuts with a high content of irremovable fatty acid. It is this irremovable fatty acid that gives Shea Butter its unique healing properties and makes it far superior to cocoa butter and other vegetable butters. Traditionally, Shea Butter was extracted by people who picked the nuts, cracked them, grilled them and pounded them. They were boiled in water for hours until the Shea Butter rose to the surface. It was then scooped into gourds and left to cool and set. Shea Butter is solid at room temperature although it quickly liquefies right around body temperature. This Shea Butter is called unrefined Shea Butter or raw Shea Butter. Since Shea Butter is an all natural product. Most Shea Butter comes from West Africa. Although a more soft and smoother variety from East Africa is beginning to appear on the market.

How can I tell if something is good Shea Butter?

Pure Shea Butter can be found in three types of extractions. Also, recently, Shea Butter has begun to be graded.

Raw or unrefined- extracted using water. The color ranges from like cream (similar to whipped butter) to grayish yellow. This is the original form of Shea Butter.

Refined- is more highly processed. Has many of its natural components still intact.

Highly refined or processed- solvents are used to increase the yield (hexane is an example). The color is pure white.

Soya Bean Oil-

• Light oil with a mild scent that was first introduced to the United States from the Orient. This oil was rarely used before 1950, but now counts for more than 65% of all oil commercially used in the United States. The oil is expressed from the bean and is high in linoleic acid, contains proteins and some vitamin C, A, E, and K. It is susceptible to oxidation and can be a sensitizer, so care needs to be taken when using in massage blends.

• Uses - Soya bean is a light-textured, nourishing, easily absorbed, odorless oil, suitable for all skin types. Soya Bean oil is a versatile carrier which is suitable for general massage and is increasingly popular among massage therapists as an alternative to sweet almond oil. Use it on its own or blend it with other carrier oils.

• Cautions - Possible sensitizer. Not for use on your face. Good for all skin types. Does not aggravate acne or oily skin.

St. John's Wort Oil

• A bushy perennial plant with numerous yellow flowers. It is native to many parts of the world including Europe and the United States. It is a wild growing plant in northern California, southern Oregon and Colorado. It has a 2,400-year history of safe and effective usage in many folk and herbal remedies. Historically used as a nerve tonic, St. John's wort is now widely used as a mild antidepressant. It is a potent antiviral and antibacterial that is being investigated as a treatment for AIDS.

• Uses - The most well known action of St. John's wort is in repairing nerve damage and reducing pain and

inflammation. The herb has been used to relieve menstrual cramping, sciatica, and arthritis. Externally it is used on cuts as a disinfectant and to relieve inflammation and promote healing. The oil can be applied to sprains, bruises and varicose veins. St. John’s Wort has been traditionally used as a skin nourishment and to promote recovery of skin and mucous injuries. It helps combat bacterial infections, reverse inflammation, and also reduce skin itching and irritability.

• Cautions - Do not wear Saint John's wort oil under direct sunlight. It may induce hypersensitivity to sunlight. Some manuals on herbal medicines suggest to inactivate photosensitive components of Saint John's wort oil by exposing the oil to direct sun light for two - three weeks in white glass bottle. Anyone who is hypersensitive to sunlight or is taking other photosensitizing drugs should be cautious.

Sunflower Oil

• It contains useful amounts of essential fatty acids and a high amount of vitamin E. Since it is inexpensive it can be blended with a variety of other base oils. Generally, absorption is not as good as other carrier oils, and it does tend to leave an oily feeling on the skin. The aroma is a faint and sweet, slightly nutty scent. Sunflower oil is expressed from the seed.

• Uses - Sunflower oil is good for all skin types for use in beauty and skin care, however, it should be diluted with another carrier oil such as sweet almond. It may be used as a substitute for olive oil in soaps, where it provides stable, conditioning lather to bar soaps. It is a very lightweight oil making it a perfect choice for bath oils, and lotions, but is not as suitable for massage due to the absorption rate.

• Cautions - The shelf life is 3-6 months.

Turkey Red Oil

• Also known as Sulfated Castor Oil, it is the only oil that will completely disperse in water. The oil is expressed from the seed. Sulfated castor oil is created by adding sulfuric acid to castor oil, and is considered the first synthetic detergent, which is still used in textile and leather industries today. Turkey Red has a distinct and heavy scent.

• Uses - Turkey Red oil is used to emulsify essential oils so that they will dissolve in other water-based products, or for superfatting liquid soap if you want the soap to remain transparent. This means that the oil will combine with the water in the tub, and not leave those little oil bubbles floating on the top of the water. It is of medium viscosity and is usually used in bath oil recipes along with fragrance or essential oils, or in shampoos. This oil also has great moisturizing abilities.

• Cautions - Turkey Red, is chemically altered and is considered by some not appropriate for therapeutic aromatherapy.

Vitamin E Oil-

• Discovered in 1922, it wasn't until the 1980's that scientists understood the crucial role of Vitamin E in skincare. Today it is the world's second largest selling Vitamin and is commonly referred to as nature's own healing agent. Vitamin E has been cited as having positive effects on the wound healing process and possesses the ability to retard the conversion of soluble collagen to insoluble collagen (which is responsible for scar formation). In this manner, it helps reduce the chance of scar tissue forming. Vitamin E penetrates below the skin's surface to rejuvenate damaged skin cells and promote healthy regeneration of scarred skin. This Oil can also help the skin overcome the harmful effects of the sun, responsible for over 80% of visible ageing including premature wrinkles and skin dryness. It helps reduce the number of damaged cells found after exposure of the skin to UV radiation.

• Uses - It helps to preserve the health and integrity of the skin, helps in the healing of cuts, abrasions and post-surgical scar tissue, provides a defense against bacterial infection, promote cellular oxygenation and protect and insulates the skin from pre-mature signs of aging.

• Cautions - Considered to be safe in all normal applications, Use at about 5% when used as a preservative.

• Shelf-Life - 2 Years or more. If kept properly in airtight container, Should be refrigerated after opening.

Walnut Oil

• Walnut Oil Is reported to have many benefits, when used in the healing of wounds and skin problems. The oil is obtained by expression from the nut. About one half of the fresh kernel inside the shell of a quality dried walnut is oil. There can, of course, be significant variations depending on growing conditions in a particular region and also from season to season.

• Uses - Walnut oil is useful against fungal and parasitic infections. It may also help eliminate warts, and when rubbed on the skin, walnut is reputed to be beneficial for eczema, herpes, psoriasis, and skin parasites. The oil has traditionally been used externally in the treatment of gangrene, leprosy, and wounds. Walnut in a massage blend has great emollient qualities and is a good choice to include when mixing a massage blend or preparing a carrier base. Very unsaturated, walnut oil presents good moisturizing, anti-aging, and regenerative and toning properties, and can be used in all anti-wrinkle products and creams for dry, normal, and mature skin, body and hygiene products, massage blends, and lip balms, etc.

• Cautions - Non-toxic, Non-irritant. This carrier can be used in any cosmetic product as an active principle or as a carrier, without any proportion limit. Considered to be safe in all normal applications

• Shelf-Life - 6 months to a 1 year. If kept properly in airtight container, Should be refrigerated after opening.

Wheatgerm Oil

• This oil is made from the germ of the wheat - the heart of it. The wheat grain consists of three parts - the husk, the germ and the endosperm - and it is the germ that is used in the manufacture of the oil. Although the germ only constitutes 3% of the weight of a wheat grain, it contains nearly 25% of the protein, vitamins and minerals. Wheatgerm oil is very high in vitamin E and essential fatty acids. Because of its high vitamin E content, which is a natural antioxidant which helps to prevent rancidity, it is often added to other carriers to help lengthen their shelf life and to prevent them going off. When used in massage blends it may be too heavy on its own, but it has great nourishing qualities which makes it a good choice to include when mixing a massage blend or preparing a carrier blend. It has a slight nutty aroma and is extracted by cold pressing or solvent extraction from the "germ."

• Uses - With its high vitamin E content and essential fatty acids is used extensively in aromatherapy massage blends since it is said to promote a smoother, younger looking skin, assisting in healing scar tissue as well as stretch marks. It is too sticky to use on its own, but is wonderful when blended with a lighter carriers, such as sweet almond. When it is applied topically on to the skin it is said to help promote the formation of new cells, improve circulation, and is said to help repair sun damage to the skin. It is also used to help relieve the symptoms of dermatitis. This carrier is said to stimulate tissue regeneration and is often added to other blends because of its antioxidant properties.

• Cautions - Do not use full strength as it can be overpowering. Dilute 5-10% with other carriers.

• Shelf-Life - 12 months to a 18 months. If kept properly in airtight container, Should be refrigerated after opening

Sea Salts

The Sea-bathing therapy, also known as Talassotherapy (thalassa = sea in old Greek), increases circulation, assists in the rejuvenation of the cells, in the appearance of the skin and relaxes the body through immersion in warm seawater. The great thing about it is that this therapy induces an exchange of minerals and toxins between the blood and the water.Vitamins, mineral salts, trace elements, amino acids and living microorganisms which secrete antibiotic, bacteriostatic and hormonal substances with biological balancing effects. - a complex blend of life -supportive minerals known as sea salt.

Sea salt bath therapy works by activating the body's own healing mechanisms. Our blood and circulatory systems provide a continual supply of oxygen and nutrients for maintenance alongside immune cells for defense and repair. Researchers indicate improvement on one's immune system after being submitted to sea salt bath therapy, increasing the natural human healing and defense power. Thalassotherapy has a potential to recover a low responsiveness of hypothalamic-adrenal endocrine system caused by stress, adjusting body functions that are critical for sustaining life.

The Sea Salt Bath Therapy is recommended for:Arthritis, arthroses, stress, neuroses, chronic pharyngitis, bronchitis, asthma, non pulmonary tuberculosis, psoriasis, etc. A study on the mental changes caused by sea salt bath therapy showed positive psychological effects such as peace of mind, vibrant life, increased energy level, stability and self control, regain of self confidence, better introspection, and improvement of response behavior against stress. It was also noted improvement in the quality of sleep. Restorative mineral rich sea salts combined with the natural hydrotherapy of a warm bath relaxes tired muscles. Sea salts also give an antiseptic effect to the skin and reduces histamine that causes inflammation and itching sensation. The National Pediatric Hospital, allergy section, has been giving the therapy since 1988 many successful results.

Vegetable Glycerine

Vegetable Glycerine is a clear, colorless, and odorless liquid with an incredibly sweet taste having the consistency of thick syrup. It is used as an agent in cosmetics, toothpaste, shampoos, soaps, herbal remedies, pharmaceuticals, and other household items. Because it is soluble in both, water and alcohol, its versatility is a major benefactor in its purported growth and popularity within the manufacturing sector. It is invaluable as a natural source ingredient with emollient like properties which can soften and soothe the skin and it assists the outer epidermis in retaining moisture. This helps to explain why it is one of the most popular cosmetic additives used today. It is used in cosmetics and body care products to assist in retaining moisture and is helpful in pulling oxygen into the skin. Vegetable glycerine is a natural emollient that adds a cooling effect on the skin and has become a predominant ingredient in most skin care products and soaps. Vegetable glycerine is also the principal medium for the manufacturing of non-alcohol based herbal extracts, which are called glycerites. This makes for a sweet alcohol free extract that can be easily administered to children, animals and those with alcohol sensitivities. Kosher certified and suitable for food and cosmetic use.

Glycerine (or glycerol) is a natural component of all fats and oils. When fats are digested in the body, they are broken down into fatty acids and glycerine. Hence, glycerine is a non-toxic, natural food substance. It is also a good solvent of herbal constituents and a preservative. To top it off, glycerine is also sweet tasting by does not cause blood sugar problems. Because glycerine is slightly sweet, it helps mask the disagreeable taste of many herbs. Other most pleasant tasting herbs are actually delicious when prepared in glycerine. So, by carefully, selecting herbs for both taste and efficacy, it is possible to make herbal preparations which not only work, but taste great. That way, you don't have to fight your children to have them take them.

Witch Hazel

The benefits of witch hazel are broad and varied. Witch hazel has traditionally been used for the treatment of wounds, itchy and dry skin and bleeding. It has also been used to treat inflamed eyes.Though an awful lot of purported herbal remedies are of little value, there is no doubt that witch hazel is an effective natural pharmaceutical. It is one of the few natural remedies to have obtained US FDA approval for sale specifically for medicinal use. Witch hazel does in fact, contain high levels of tannin, which is an astringent, hence it's long association as a skin treatment. The astringent properties of the plant, has seen an increase in the uses of the plant, which is now widely used in skin-care products, after-sun lotions and aftershaves. It also has uses as a hemorrhoid treatment and for treating varicose veins and inflamed gums. Witch hazel is often used as a cleanser or toner, for facial care routines and has success as a toner in the treatment of acne and is particularly suited to oily and combination skin types. The key ingredient in witch hazel is a tannin acid derivative called catechol tannin, When applied to wounds, cuts and abrasions, tannins constrict the tiny capillaries and below the skin surface.

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